Uganda Act or statute

Parliament of Uganda

Seeds and Plant Act

Jurisdiction: Uganda
Structure: 28 provisions
Citation: Chapter 41
Dates: As at 31 Dec 2023

More statute details

Dates: As at 31 Dec 2023

Source attribution: Source: Uganda Legal Information Institute

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Purpose and legislative effect

“This section provides definitions of terms used in the Act (for example: “agricultural value”, “basic seed”, “Board”, “breeders seed”, “certified seed”, “Minister”, “Ministry”, “seed”, “seed merchant”, “variety”).”

This section provides definitions of terms used in the Act (for example: “agricultural value”, “basic seed”, “Board”, “breeders seed”, “certified seed”, “Minister”, “Ministry”, “seed”, “seed merchant”, “variety”). Licensed seed conditioners must apply to the Certification Services, pay a prescribed annual fee, have suitable facilities and trained staff, and may only condition seed lots certified by the Certification Service. A person who intends to import or export seed must apply to the Certification Service for a licence in the manner prescribed by regulations. The Ministry must establish national seed testing laboratories; those laboratories must undertake seed testing and issue certificates as prescribed by regulations made under the Act. The Certification Service must affix official labels and seals to certified seed classes and may delegate that authority to a licensed or accredited seed testing laboratory or seed merchant.

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Interpretation - Interpretation

Section 1

Administration - Seeds and Plant Tribunal

The Minister must establish a Seeds and Plant Tribunal; the Tribunal shall conduct business as the need arises; an aggrieved person may appeal to the Tribunal in accordance with regulations under this Act.

Section 16

Administration - National Seed Certification Service

The Certification Service must design, establish and enforce seed certification standards, methods and procedures and is responsible for a range of seed-related regulatory functions.

Section 7

Offences and miscellaneous provisions - Altering officials records

Any person must not, without lawful authority, alter, deface or remove official registers, rolls, indexes, markings maintained under the Act's regulations or any entry in those official records.

Section 21

Miscellaneous - Power to amend Schedule

The Minister may amend the Schedule to this Act, by statutory instrument and with the approval of Cabinet.

Section 28

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Showing 28 of 28 provisions

Provision 17Offence 9InterpretationAmendment

Part I

Interpretation

§ 1Interpretation - InterpretationInterpretation

Section Interpretation Section In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires— “ agricultural value ” means economic benefit expected from the production of a given crop; “ basic seed ” means seed produced from breeders seed under the control of the plant breeder or his or her agent; “ Board ” means the National Seed Board established under section 2 ; “ breeders seed ” means seed of a particular variety, produced by the breeder (owner) of the variety or his or her agent, under the plant breeder’s supervision, which is the source of the initial and recurrent increase in seed production of a variety; “ certified seed ” means a class of seed produced under a certification programme from basic seed and can be of two generations; “ Certification Service ” means the National Seed Certification Service referred to in section 7 ; “ check variety ” means a local or exotic variety currently on the market with known genetic and agronomic characters that is used as a control variety in variety trials; “ Committee ” means the National Variety Release Committee established under section 5 ; “ common catalogue ” means the list of varieties that have been tested in more than one country and are eligible to be grown in those countries; “ currency point ” has the value assigned to it in the Schedule to this Act; “ Director ” means the Director responsible for crop resources in the Ministry ; “ imported seed ” means seed of a prescribed variety imported by a registered seed merchant ; “ ISTA ” means the International Seed Testing Association; “ licensed seed testing laboratory ” means a laboratory that is authorised to carry out official tests on the kinds of seed named in the licence issued by the National Seed Certification Service ; “ listed variety ” means any variety that has been released by the National Variety Release Committee ; “ Minister ” means the Minister responsible for agriculture; “ Ministry ” means the Ministry responsible for agriculture; “ national seed testing laboratory ” means an official Government seed testing laboratory, which has been accredited to ISTA , and which is designated to carry out official seed tests and to issue official certificates; “ National Variety List ” means a list of varieties released by the National Variety Release Committee which are eligible for multiplication; “ seed ” means propagative material, plants and parts of plants intended for the propagation and multiplication of a variety ; “ seed analyst ” means a person qualified and designated to analyse seed samples according to the regulations of ISTA ; “ seed conditioner ” means a person engaged in the business of cleaning, treating or otherwise conditioning seeds intended for sale and who is licensed to do so; “ seed dealer ” means a person trading in seed and who is licensed to do so; “ seed grower ” means an individual or body that grows a crop intended to produce seed ; “ seed inspector ” means a person licensed to inspect seed crops and seed ; “ seed merchant ” means a person or organisation engaged in the business of seed production, conditioning and marketing, and who is licensed to do so; “ seed sampler ” means a person licensed to sample seed lots in accordance with regulations made under this Act; “ species ” means a group of inter-breeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated; “ standard seed ” means any seed which is not grown under a certification programme but which may enter the market in case of certified seed shortage and which meets the same laboratory seed testing standards as certified seed ; “ varietal name ” means the name given to a specific variety by its breeder; “ variety ” means a population of plants which have common ancestors and which have certain characteristics and when reproduced sexually or asexually, retain their distinguishing characteristics; “ variety release ” means making available to the public, a variety for multiplication and use; “ voluntary certification ” means certification requested by a seed producer for any of the species in the regulations made under this Act.

Section 1Verify source

Part II

Administration

§ 10Administration - Seed conditioner and conditioningProvision

Licensed seed conditioners must apply to the Certification Services, pay a prescribed annual fee, have suitable facilities and trained staff, and may only condition seed lots certified by the Certification Service.

Section Seed conditioner and conditioning Section To be licensed under this section, a licensed seed conditioner is required to have— A seed conditioner shall be licensed on application to the Certification Services and on payment of a prescribed annual fee. suitable and adequate facilities for receiving, drying, cleaning, grading, treating and storing of seed ; and competent and trained staff capable of carrying out effective conditioning and testing of seeds to the required standards, as certified by the International Seed Certification Association. A licensed seed conditioner shall condition only seed lots which have been certified by the Certification Service .

Section 10Verify source

§ 11Administration - Seed marketingProvision

A person who intends to import or export seed must apply to the Certification Service for a licence in the manner prescribed by regulations.

Section Seed marketing Section Only seed of approved varieties and which— All seed offered for sale shall be properly labelled and sealed in accordance with the specifications set out in regulations made under this Act. A person who intends to import or export seed shall apply to the Certification Service for a licence in the manner prescribed by regulations made under this Act. meets the standards established by the Certification Services for domestic seed trade; and are accompanied by a declaration of minimum certification standards on an ISTA certificate or domestic certificates and a phytosanitary certificate as provided in the Plant Protection and Health Act , All seed intended for export shall comply with the requirements of the importing country. Genetically modified seeds will be regulated in accordance with the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology Act or any relevant law.

Section 11Verify source

§ 12Administration - Seed testing laboratoryProvision

The Ministry must establish national seed testing laboratories; those laboratories must undertake seed testing and issue certificates as prescribed by regulations made under the Act.

Section Seed testing laboratory Section The Ministry shall, for the purposes of this Act, establish national seed testing laboratories. The laboratories shall undertake seed testing and issue certificates as prescribed by regulations made under this Act.

Section 12Verify source

§ 13Administration - Affixing labelsProvision

The Certification Service must affix official labels and seals to certified seed classes and may delegate that authority to a licensed or accredited seed testing laboratory or seed merchant.

Section Affixing labels Section The Certification Service shall affix appropriate official labels and seals to all certified seed classes and may delegate its authority to a licensed or accredited seed testing laboratory or seed merchant .

Section 13Verify source

§ 14Administration - Reports and certificatesProvision

The Certification Service must issue certificates authenticating seed classes as prescribed by regulations, and must send periodical reports on its activities to the Board.

Section Reports and certificates Section The Certification Service shall issue certificates authenticating the various certification classes of seed as prescribed in regulations made under this Act. The Certification Service shall issue to the Board periodical reports on its activities, as the circumstances may require.

Section 14Verify source

§ 15Administration - Maintenance of registers, rolls, index or other official recordsProvision

The Certification Service has the power to maintain registers, rolls, indexes or other official records to carry out its functions under the Act.

Section Maintenance of registers, rolls, index or other official records Section The Certification Service shall have powers to maintain registers, rolls, index or other official records for the execution of its functions under this Act.

Section 15Verify source

§ 16Administration - Seeds and Plant TribunalProvision

Section Seeds and Plant Tribunal Section The Minister shall establish a Seeds and Plant Tribunal which shall conduct business as the need arises. A person aggrieved by a decision under this Act may appeal to the Seeds and Plant Tribunal in accordance with regulations made under this Act.

Section 16Verify source

§ 17Administration - Appointment of inspector and seed analystProvision

The Minister may designate qualified public officers as inspectors, seed analysts and registrars of plant varieties.

Section Appointment of inspector and seed analyst Section The Minister may, on the advice of the Board , by notice in the Gazette , designate suitably qualified public officers to act as inspectors, seed analysts and registrars of plant varieties for the purpose of this Act and any regulations made under this Act.

Section 17Verify source

§ 2Administration - National Seed BoardProvision

Establishes the National Seed Board, lists its composition (including ex officio and representative members) appointed by the Minister, allows the Board to co-opt additional members, and sets a three-year term for non-ex officio members who are eligible for re-appointment.

Section National Seed Board Section The Board shall consist of the following persons appointed by the Minister — the following ex officio members— There is established a board under the Ministry to be known as the National Seed Board . the Director of crop resources in the Ministry , who shall be the Chairperson; a representative of National Agricultural Research Organisation; a representative of the faculties of forest and nature conservation of universities in Uganda; a representative of faculties of agriculture of the universities in Uganda; a representative of the farmers; a representative of the seed growers; a representative of the seed merchants; a representative of the private plant breeders; and a representative from the agriculture extension service; and the Commissioner of forestry in the Ministry responsible for forestry; the Commissioner for crop protection in the Ministry , who shall be the Secretary; and a representative of the Solicitor General. The Board may co-opt additional members to the Board as may be necessary. The members of the Board other than ex officio members shall hold office for a period of three years and are eligible for re-appointment.

Section 2Verify source

§ 3Administration - Functions of BoardProvision

The Board is charged with a set of seed-sector functions including advising the Minister on national seed policy and related matters, coordinating and monitoring public and private seed sectors, and giving advice to plant breeding organisations.

Section Functions of Board Section The functions of the Board are— advising the Minister on the National Seed Policy; advising the Minister on the informal seed sector and vegetatively propagated material; advising the Minister on variety introductions, breeders seed production and maintenance; establishing a system of implementing seed policies through technical committees; formulating and advising the Minister on the regulations and standards controlling the development of the seed in distinctness, uniformity and stability; constantly reviewing the national seed supply and advising the Minister on the administration of the seed in distinctness, uniformity and stability; coordinating and monitoring the public and private seed sector in order to achieve the national seed industry objectives; giving advice to plant breeding organisations on the market and farmers’ requirements; and performing any other related function under this Act.

Section 3Verify source

§ 4Administration - Procedures of BoardOffence

Sets Board meeting frequency and procedures, roles for Chairperson and Secretary, quorum, minutes confirmation evidence, Board procedural autonomy, and grounds on which a member's office may be declared vacant by the Minister.

Section Procedures of Board Section A member of the Board , other than an ex officio member , shall cease to be a member of the Board and the office of that member shall be declared vacant by the Minister — The Board shall meet at least four times in each year and at such times and places as it deems necessary for the transaction of its business. The Chairperson shall preside at all meetings of the Board and in his or her absence, the Board shall elect one of its members to act as Chairperson. The person presiding at a meeting of the Board shall have a casting vote in addition to his or her deliberative vote. The quorum of the Board shall be one-third of the voting members. The Secretary shall cause details of all business transacted at a meeting of the Board to be entered into a minute book kept for that purpose, and the minutes of the proceedings of the meetings shall be submitted for confirmation at a subsequent meeting of the Board , and if passed as correct shall be confirmed by the signatures of the Chairperson and Secretary, and when so confirmed shall be prima facie evidence in all courts as an accurate record of the proceedings so recorded. The Board may regulate its own procedure. if the member resigns in writing addressed to the Chairperson; if the member is certified to be suffering from mental illness or is otherwise adjudged to be suffering from mental illness under any written law; if, in the opinion of the Board , the member becomes physically or otherwise incapable of discharging his or her duties as a member, and remains so for a period of ninety consecutive days; if the member is absent, without reasonable cause from three consecutive meetings of the Board ; if the member is adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt under any written law; if the member is sentenced to imprisonment for a term of six months or more for an offence involving moral turpitude; or if the term of the member expires.

Section 4Verify source

§ 5Administration - National Variety Release CommitteeProvision

Establishes the National Variety Release Committee, lists its members, requires the Board to appoint a Chairperson, makes the head of the Certification Service the Committee Secretary, allows the Committee to regulate procedure and co‑opt members, and requires the Committee to meet at least two times a year.

Section National Variety Release Committee Section The Committee shall consist of the following— There is established a technical committee to be known as the National Variety Release Committee . a pathologist; three breeders; a seed technologist; a socio-economist; an agronomist; a representative of the commodity association; an agricultural extension worker; an entomologist; a weed scientist; and a forest breeder. The Board shall appoint a Chairperson of the Committee from among the members of the Committee . The head of the Certification Service shall be the Secretary to the Committee . The Committee may regulate its own procedure and may co-opt additional members as required. The Committee shall meet at least two times in a year.

Section 5Verify source

§ 6Administration - Functions of CommitteeProvision

The Committee must review and maintain the National Variety List, approve new varieties, and approve the release of new varieties and their entry into the seed multiplication programme.

Section Functions of Committee Section The functions of the Committee are— to review and maintain the National Variety List and to approve new varieties; and to approve the release of new varieties and entry into the seed multiplication programme.

Section 6Verify source

§ 7Administration - National Seed Certification ServiceProvision

The Certification Service must design, establish and enforce seed certification standards, methods and procedures and is responsible for a range of seed-related regulatory functions.

Section National Seed Certification Service Section The Certification Service shall be responsible for the design, establishment and enforcement of certification standards, methods and procedures and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing shall be responsible for— The National Seed Certification Service in the department responsible for crop protection in the Ministry shall be responsible for all matters related to seeds. reviewing, adjusting, maintaining and enforcing seed standards; advising the Board of modifications to seed standards and providing the Board with information on any technical aspects affecting seed quality; providing training to persons responsible for the implementation of this Act; the registration and licensing of all seed merchants, seed conditioners and seed dealers; receiving and testing of all new varieties intended for release and multiplication, assisted by the Committee according to the recognised standard procedure; carrying out distinctness, uniformity and stability tests for candidate varieties; establishing standards for variety performance trials and distinctness, uniformity and stability trials; monitoring the activities of the formal and informal seed sectors; accreditation and licensing, field inspection, seed sampling and laboratory seed testing; carrying out field inspection, testing, labelling, sealing and eventual certification; reviewing the history and performance records of selected varieties; determining the contribution of varieties for agricultural development; making recommendations for degazetting of obsolete varieties; and determining the varieties to be fully released, partially released (restricted release), referred, or rejected.

Section 7Verify source

§ 8Administration - Variety testing, release and registrationProvision

Assigns responsibilities for variety testing, trials, registration and breeder obligations: the Certification Service must advise breeders, undertake testing and conduct trials (or delegate), while breeders must apply for release, register, provide trial data, run on-farm trials, and maintain breeder seed.

Section Variety testing, release and registration Section The Certification Service shall advise the breeder on the appropriate method and period of test for— All imported and domestic varieties shall undergo testing in variety performance trials for at least two main growing seasons before their release. For imported varieties, data from advanced yield trials shall serve as supportive evidence regarding the performance of a variety . agricultural value in an approved number of sites in their appropriate ecological zones; agricultural value for ratoons, forest and fruit trees, fibres, ornamentals, beverage crops and other plants and zones for which a system of evaluation is not practicable. The naming of new varieties shall be the responsibility of the relevant plant breeders and shall be subject to approval by the National Variety Release Committee . The Board may grant breeders rights for a variety of seeds on the recommendation of the Committee . The Certification Service shall be responsible for undertaking variety testing as required for the granting of plant breeders rights in accordance with relevant law. All plant breeders, both local and foreign shall apply to the Certification Service for the release of their varieties. A variety released under subsection (7) shall be eligible for certification and shall be entered on the National Variety List and East African Common Catalogue. The maintenance and supply of breeders seed shall be the responsibility of the breeders concerned and a reference sample shall be deposited with the Certification Service on initial release. All plant breeders of public or private institutions and importers of varieties for seed production in Uganda shall be registered with the Certification Service on payment of the prescribed fee. The breeder or applicant shall provide data for advanced yield, multi-locational trials for at least one main growing season from relevant agro-ecological zones. The breeder or applicant shall conduct on farm trials for one main growing season concurrently with variety performance trials. The Certification Service shall be responsible for conducting variety performance trials in a number of representative locations but may delegate suitable organisations to carry out this function. The vegetatively propagated materials shall be evaluated for their generic and agricultural values.

Section 8Verify source

§ 9Administration - Multiplication and licensingProvision

Seed merchants and dealers must be licensed and pay a prescribed annual fee; the Minister may declare segregated areas and prohibit planting or movement of seeds or plants.

Section Multiplication and licensing Section Subject to the provisions of this Act, there shall be recognised classes of seeds as may be set out in regulations made under this Act. All seed merchants and dealers shall be licensed on application to the Certification Service and shall pay a prescribed annual fee. The Minister may, by statutory instrument, declare any area as a segregated area and may, by that instrument, prohibit the planting and movement of any type of seed or plant within that area either for a specific period or until the revocation of the instrument.

Section 9Verify source

Part III

Offences and miscellaneous provisions

§ 18Offences and miscellaneous provisions - Sale of substandard seedOffence

A person must not sell prescribed seed for sowing if it fails germination and purity standards or a testing laboratory reports non-conformance.

Section Sale of substandard seed Section A person shall not sell any prescribed seed for sowing if— that prescribed seed does not conform to the standards of germination and purity prescribed for that seed ; it is reported in the test report by a national seed testing laboratory or an accredited seed testing laboratory that the prescribed seed does not conform to the standards. Any person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence. Upon conviction of any person for an offence under this section, the court may, in addition to any other penalty that it may impose, order the forfeiture or destruction, without any compensation of the substandard prescribed seed found in the possession or under the control of the person convicted. Substandard seeds shall be disposed of in accordance with regulations made under this Act.

Section 18Verify source

§ 19Offences and miscellaneous provisions - Sale of prescribed seed under different nameOffence

Prohibits any person from selling seed for sowing under a description other than its varietal name.

Section Sale of prescribed seed under different name Section Any person who sells for sowing, any seed under a description other than its varietal name , commits an offence.

Section 19Verify source

§ 20Offences and miscellaneous provisions - Tampering with seed samplesOffence

Prohibits any person, without lawful authority, from tampering with prescribed seed samples (including producing misleading samples, tampering with samples taken under the Act, or sending seeds for testing that do not represent the bulk) with intent to deceive.

Section Tampering with seed samples Section Any person who, without lawful authority— tampers with any prescribed seed taken for the purpose of this Act, so as to produce any sample of that prescribed seed , and the sample does not correctly represent the bulk from which that sample was taken; tampers with any sample taken under this Act; or with intent to deceive, causes or permits to be sent to any seed testing laboratory to be tested any prescribed seed which to his or her knowledge does not represent the bulk from which it was taken,

Section 20Verify source

§ 21Offences and miscellaneous provisions - Altering officials recordsOffence

Any person must not, without lawful authority, alter, deface or remove official registers, rolls, indexes, markings maintained under the Act's regulations or any entry in those official records.

Section Altering officials records Section Any person who, without lawful authority, alters, defaces or removes— any register, roll, index or other official marking maintained under regulations made under this Act; or any entry appearing in any register, roll, index or other official record,

Section 21Verify source

§ 22Offences and miscellaneous provisions - Altering documents and marksOffence

Any person must not, without lawful authority, alter or deface specified documents or labels, or remove labels from containers.

Section Altering documents and marks Section Any person who, without lawful authority, alters or defaces— any certificate, report, invoice, account or other document prescribed, issued, furnished or kept under this Act or regulations made under this Act; or any label, note, docket or mark placed upon any container under this Act or under any other requirement, condition or regulations made under this Act or removes any label, note, docket or mark from any container,

Section 22Verify source

§ 23Offences and miscellaneous provisions - SecrecyOffence

A person employed for the purposes of the Act must not publish or communicate information acquired in the course of employment without lawful authority, nor publish or communicate information they possess if it was disclosed in contravention of the Act.

Section Secrecy Section A person who— being a person employed for the purpose of this Act, publishes or communicates to any person without lawful authority any information acquired by him or her in the course of his or her employment; or having possession of any information which, to his or her knowledge has been disclosed in contravention of this Act, publishes or communicates that information to any other person,

Section 23Verify source

§ 24Offences and miscellaneous provisions - PenaltiesOffence

Any person convicted of an offence under this Act may be fined up to ninety-six currency points, imprisoned for up to four years, or both.

Section Penalties Section Any person who commits an offence under this Act is liable, on conviction, to a fine not exceeding ninety-six currency points or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding four years, or both.

Section 24Verify source

Part IV

Miscellaneous

§ 25Miscellaneous - Inspection of registersProvision

Registers and rolls kept by the Certification Service must be open for inspection by any person who applies to the head of the Certification Service and pays the prescribed fee, at all reasonable times.

Section Inspection of registers Section All registers and rolls maintained by the Certification Service under this Act shall, at all reasonable times, be open to inspection by any person applying to the head of the Certification Service on payment of the prescribed fee.

Section 25Verify source

§ 26Miscellaneous - Exemption by MinisterProvision

The Minister may exempt any person or class of persons from the Act on a written recommendation from the Board.

Section Exemption by Minister Section The Minister may, on written recommendation from the Board , exempt any person or class of persons from the provisions of this Act.

Section 26Verify source

§ 27Miscellaneous - RegulationsOffence

The Minister may make regulations (after consulting the Board) on seed control, prescribe fees, and contraventions of those regulations attract fines of up to forty-eight currency points or up to two years imprisonment (or both), with higher penalties for repeat offences and possible forfeiture.

Section Regulations Section Regulations made under this Act may prescribe in respect of the contravention of the regulations— The Minister may, after consultation with the Board , make regulations for the control of breeding, multiplication, marketing, certification of seed and generally for the better carrying out of the provisions of this Act. The Minister may, in consultation with the Board , make regulations for the control of a prescribed or non-prescribed seed which is not a Uganda certified seed and is produced by a seed producer on his or her own land, and is sold by him or her for sowing by a buyer or for the purposes of resale. a fine not exceeding forty-eight currency points or a penalty not exceeding two years imprisonment, or both; higher penalties for repeated offences; that the court convicting an offender may require the offender to forfeit to the State anything involved in the commission of the offences, or the distribution of any such thing. The regulations may also prescribe fees to be paid for any service performed under this Act.

Section 27Verify source

§ 28Miscellaneous - Power to amend ScheduleAmendment

The Minister may amend the Schedule to this Act, by statutory instrument and with the approval of Cabinet.

Section Power to amend Schedule Section The Minister may, by statutory instrument, with the approval of Cabinet, amend the Schedule to this Act.

Section 28Verify source

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Schedule The Minister may amend the Schedule to this Act
Section 28

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