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Uganda Judgment

High Court of Uganda

Mohamed v Kotecha (Miscellaneous Application 1029 of 2000) [2000] UGHC 42 (12 December 2000)

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01

Holding and result

The court found that the applicant had presented credible evidence of having settled his indebtedness to the respondent through bank drafts and cash payments. The trading account provided by the respondent indicated that the total indebtedness was less than the amount claimed on the cheques, and if the entries were correct, the cheques alone could no longer be the basis of the plaintiff's claim. The applicant's defence was deemed genuine and sufficiently particularized. Consequently, the court exercised its discretion to grant leave to the applicant to appear and defend the suit under summary procedure. The subsequent application for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal was also granted.

Court disposition

Application allowed; leave to appear and defend granted; subsequent leave to appeal granted.

Orders

  • Leave to the applicant to appear and defend the suit is granted.
  • Leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal is granted to the applicant.
  • Costs of the application are awarded to the applicant.

02

Material facts

Parties

Adam Mohamed

Applicant Counsel: Mr. Geoffrey B. Mutaawe

Bhasker Kotecha

Respondent

Amounts and remedies

  • Claimed Sum in Suit: UGX 55,820,000
  • Cash Payment Acknowledged: UGX 15,820,000
  • Total Indebtedness Per Trading Account: UGX 53,538,000

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Miscellaneous Application / Application for Leave to Appear and Defend; Subsequent Application for Leave to Appeal

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The applicant contended that the cheques in question were issued as security for payment of monies owed to the respondent, not as direct payment. He argued that he subsequently settled his indebtedness through bank drafts and cash payments, and attached photocopies of the drafts as evidence. He asserted that the respondent unlawfully retained and presented the cheques for payment after the debt had been settled.
Respondent
The respondent maintained that the applicant had a trading account with him and that all transactions and payments were acknowledged. He admitted receiving the bank drafts but claimed they were only meant to reduce the applicant's indebtedness, not to settle the dishonoured cheques. He did not address the alleged cash payment of UGX 15,820,000.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Order 33 rules 3 and 4 of the Civil Procedure Rules

    In summary procedure matters, leave to defend should be granted if the applicant discloses facts sufficient to entitle him to defend and states the defence with sufficient particularity to appear genuine.

  2. 02

    General principles of commercial law and cheque liability

    A cheque issued as security and subsequently settled by other means may not form the basis of a liquidated claim if the underlying debt has been discharged.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the applicant had presented credible evidence of having settled his indebtedness to the respondent through bank drafts and cash payments. The trading account provided by the respondent indicated that the total indebtedness was less than the amount claimed on the cheques, and if the entries were correct, the cheques alone could no longer be the basis of the plaintiff's claim. The applicant's defence was deemed genuine and sufficiently particularized. Consequently, the court exercised its discretion to grant leave to the applicant to appear and defend the suit under summary procedure. The subsequent application for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal was also granted.

Obiter and limits

  • The existence of a trading account and acknowledgment of payments by the respondent undermined the claim that the cheques represented an outstanding liquidated sum.
  • Where a defendant raises a plausible defence supported by documentary evidence, summary judgment should not be entered without affording an opportunity to defend.

Court disposition

Application allowed; leave to appear and defend granted; subsequent leave to appeal granted.

  • Leave to the applicant to appear and defend the suit is granted.
  • Leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal is granted to the applicant.
  • Costs of the application are awarded to the applicant.

Source and reliance status

High Court of Uganda

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Judgment text

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Source document

High Court of Uganda

Judgment

[2000] UGHC 42

THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATION NO. 1029 OF 2000 (ARISING FROM CIVIL SUIT NO. 800 OF 2000)

ADAM MOHAMED ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: APPLICANT/DEFENDANT

VERSUS

: RESPONDENT/PLAINTIFF BHASKER KOTECHA :::::::::::::::::::::: BEFORE: THE HONOURABLE LADY JUSTICE C. K. BYAMUGISHA

RULING

The Applicant/Defendant brought this Notice of Motion under the provisions of 0.33 rule 3 and 4 of C. P. R seeking orders that he be granted leave to appe al and defend the suit and that the costs of the application be provided for. There are two grounds upon which the application is based namely:-

The cheques upon which the suit is founded were only $\mathbf{1}$ . $\cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot$ made in the Respondent's favour as security for payment of his monies.

Subsequently the Applicant settled his indebtedness, 2. the plaintiff unlawfully held on to the cheques and maliciously presented them for payment.

The Applicant deponed an affidavit in support of the Application and the Respondent deponed another affidavit opposing the application.

The background to this application is as follows:-

On the 13/07/2000 the Plaintiff/Respondent brought a suit under $\varsigma$ summary procedure claiming a liquidated some of Shs.55,820,000/= $based$ $\overline{on}$ cheques ' allegedly! issued. $\cdot\mathbf{bv}$ the everc Applicant/Defendant on elivers days as stated in paragraph four of the plaint. It is averred that the cheques were presented for payment and were returned with the endorsement $\overline{10}$ "Drawer's confirmation required" and thus dishonoured. Further the plaintiff claims that he promptly notified the Defendant about the dishonour but the defendant has up to date neglected to make good the cheques - hence the suit.

I think it is agreed that the parties to these : Generally, $15$ proceedings had business dealings with each other which resulted in the issuing of the cheques. The applicant states in paragraph five of his affidavit that the cheques were only meant as security to be cashed only in the event that he defaulted on his payments to the plaintiff. In paragraph six he states that 20 plaintiff banked the cheques, he settled his before the indebtedness to the Respondent by payment through bank drafts. Photocopies of the drafts were attached to the application. He also averred that in addition, he paid the Respondent money in 25 cash amounting to Shs.15,820,000/ $=$ .

On the otherhand/ the Respondent/Plaintiff in his /affirmation stated in paragraph f ive that'the Applicant hadja'(-trading account with him and every transaction and payment could be acknowledged./ He attached a statement of account . He -jlaiso',' -:. acknowledged ■' *: :* receiving the bankdrafts but stated that' the '(drafts ' were meant C : . . ' to reduce the Applicants indebtedness but not a/settlement of the cheques which were dishonoured. He said' nothing:about the cash . inpayment of Uganda Shs.15,820,000/= . . : ,

in their respective affidavits. and defend. In otherwords, the affidavit sworn in support of• the application <sup>15</sup> Both -counsel made submissions and rehearsed the grounds raised The only issue to resolve is :|i whether the Applicant/Defendant should be granted leave to appear The test which has been laid down-in matters of this nature is whether the party applying has disclosed such facts as may be deemed sufficient to entitle him<to defend. should state the defence which is being ;•<relied upon with sufficient particularity if it-is to appear genuine.

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10.

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good the cheques when he paid cash payment.' The respondent element of a trading account In the matter now before Court, the applicant stated that he.made the Respondent.by bank drafts and (annexture B) where these cheques • •• • • • <sup>1</sup> were reflected together with other transactions. <sup>I</sup> have looked in his affidavit introduced a new at the trading account and it shows that the total indebtedness of the Applicant is Uganda Shs.53j538,000/=/• If the entries, in the account are correct, it means the cheques .alone can no longer be the basis of the.plaintiff*'* s claim; <sup>I</sup> therefore consider this

case to be one of these in which the Court can exercise its discretion and grapt leave to the Applicant to appear and defend. Application is allowed with costs. 12/12/2000<br>Mr Segans moster biret<br>frimer Thamer poor<br>Geofrey to Reporter<br>Nove for applicant. 10 C. K. J U D G E John. $\Lambda$ int

THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA

MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATION NO. 23 OF 2001

(Arising out of Miscellaneous Application No, 1029 of 2000 of HCCS No. ' • 800 of 2000)

BHASKER KOTECHA APPLICANT

VERSUS

ADAM MOHAMMED RESPONDENT

5

ORDER

THIS Application for leave to appeal to the Court ofAppeal coming up for hearing on this 17th day of January, 2001 before the Honourable Lady Justice C. K. Byamugisha in the presence of Mr. Geoffrey B. Mutaawe Counsel for the Applicant and no one for the Respondent.

UPON hearing the Submissions ofCounsel for the Applicant, it is hereby ORDERED that leave to appeal to the Court ofAppeal be and is hereby granted to the Applicant.

DATED at Kampala this ~|Xday of—-£\*-/- , 2001.

DEPUTY REGISTRAR

Order extracted by;~ M/s Ssawa, Mutaawe & Co., Advocates, Suite F307 - 9 Baumann House, First Floor, Plot 7 Parliament Avenue, P. O. Box 11131, KAMPALA.

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Order 33 rules 3 and 4 of the Civil Procedure Rules (Cap 71)

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