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Uganda Judgment

High Court of Uganda

In Re: Kawuki & 2 Ors ( Infants) (Adoption Cause No. 3 of 2005) [2005] UGHC 63 (17 January 2005)

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01

Holding and result

The court found that the applicant, Elvanson Rovincer Nantongo-Gentry, had met all statutory requirements for adoption under the Children.s Act. She had supported and fostered the infants for a significant period, was closely related to them, and had sufficient means to provide for their welfare. Reports from both the Masaka District Probation and Social Welfare Officer and Grace Adoptions confirmed her suitability. The court emphasized that the welfare and rights of the children are paramount and that not granting the adoption order would likely result in serious jeopardy to the infants' welfare. The applicant was therefore granted an adoption order for the three infants.

Court disposition

adoption order granted

Orders

  • The applicant, Elvanson Rovincer Nantongo-Gentry, is granted an adoption order for Paul James Noah Kawuki, Jackson Jonah Jjumba, and Ritah Caroline Nakanjako.
  • The adoption order shall be registered with the office of Registrar General, Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, and with the Consular Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Uganda.

02

Material facts

Parties

Elvanson Rovincer Nantongo-Gentry

Applicant Counsel: __MISSING__

Paul James Noah Kawuki

Respondent

Jackson Jonah Jjumba

Respondent

Ritah Caroline Nakanjako

Respondent

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Adoption Cause / Ruling

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Counsel for the applicant submitted that the applicant had satisfied court that she was a fit and proper person to be appointed to adopt the infants and had complied with all the requirements of the law. The applicant had supported and fostered the infants for a long period, was closely related to them, and had sufficient means to provide for their welfare. Not appointing her would jeopardize the infants' welfare.
Respondent
No formal respondent appeared or argued against the petition. Reports from the Masaka District Probation and Social Welfare Officer and Grace Adoptions supported the applicant's suitability and recommended the adoption. The infants themselves expressed approval and understanding of the adoption.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Section 3 of the Children.s Act, Cap 59

    In all decisions affecting children, the welfare and rights of the children are paramount considerations.

  2. 02

    Children.s Act, Cap 59

    Court must be satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person and that statutory requirements for adoption are met.

  3. 03

    SCCA No. 22/1994: In Re M (an infant) (unreported)

    Prior case law affirms the paramountcy of child welfare in adoption matters.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the applicant, Elvanson Rovincer Nantongo-Gentry, had met all statutory requirements for adoption under the Children.s Act. She had supported and fostered the infants for a significant period, was closely related to them, and had sufficient means to provide for their welfare. Reports from both the Masaka District Probation and Social Welfare Officer and Grace Adoptions confirmed her suitability. The court emphasized that the welfare and rights of the children are paramount and that not granting the adoption order would likely result in serious jeopardy to the infants' welfare. The applicant was therefore granted an adoption order for the three infants.

Obiter and limits

  • The adoption order shall be registered with the office of Registrar General, Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, and with the Consular Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Uganda.
  • The court observed that each infant appeared healthy, intelligent, and emotionally bonded to the applicant, regarding her as their parent.

Court disposition

adoption order granted

  • The applicant, Elvanson Rovincer Nantongo-Gentry, is granted an adoption order for Paul James Noah Kawuki, Jackson Jonah Jjumba, and Ritah Caroline Nakanjako.
  • The adoption order shall be registered with the office of Registrar General, Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, and with the Consular Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Uganda.

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High Court of Uganda

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Judgment text

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Source document

High Court of Uganda

Judgment

[2005] UGHC 63

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AND \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13792672 {\b\fs24\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 IN THE MATTER OF (i) PAUL JAMES NOAH KAWUKI}{\b\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 }{ \b\fs24\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 \} \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2610\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx2610\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin2610\itap0\pararsid13792672 {\b\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 }{\b\fs24\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 JACKSON JONAH JUMBA AND \} THE INFANTS \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}{\b\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 }{\b\fs24\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 RITAH CAROLINE NAKANJAKO \}

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13792672 {\b\fs24\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13792672 {\b\fs24\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 AND \par IN THE MATTER OF A PETITION BY \par ELVANSON ROVINCER NANTONGO }{\b\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 GENTRY TO}{\b\fs24\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 ADOPT THE INFANTS \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13792672 {\b\fs24\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 \par BEFORE: }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 REMMY KASULE, AG.}{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 JUD}{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 G}{ \b\fs24\ul\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 E}{\b\fs24\insrsid8396824\charrsid13792672 \par }{\b\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13792672 {\b\fs24\ul\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 RULING \par \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13792672 {\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 The Petitioner, ELVANSON ROVINCER NANTONGO \endash

GENTRY, petitions this court to adopt the three infants by the names of: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid13792672 {\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 PAUL JAMES NOAH KAWUKI \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}JACKSON JONAH J}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 JUMBA and}{\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}RITAH CAROLINE NAKANJAKO. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13792672 {\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 \par The Petitioner, aged 34, was born in Masaka-Uganda, but is now an American citizen by natura}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 li}{\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 sation}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 , and is married to Mr. Jason Gregor}{\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 y Gentry, aged 53, also an American citizen. \par \par The Petitioner and her husband have their home

at }{\fs24\insrsid8878052\charrsid13792672 Number 2 Regency Court, Little Rock, AR 72209. Arkansas, USA.}{\fs24\insrsid14187984\charrsid13792672 \par }{\fs24\insrsid8878052\charrsid13792672 \par The Petitioner is a university graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree }{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 in}{\fs24\insrsid3017324\charrsid13792672 S}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 tatistics, and is currently pursuing }{ \fs24\insrsid8878052\charrsid13792672 a doctoral degree in Pharmacy }{\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 at the}{\fs24\insrsid8878052\charrsid13792672 }{\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 University}{\fs24\insrsid8878052\charrsid13792672 of Arkansas for medical science, USA. Prior to joining this university, the Petitioner served in the US Army and Navy from 1995 to 1999. She has no children of her own. Before this court, the Petitioner appeared mature, and responsible. \par \par The Petitioner\rquote s husband, Mr. Gentry }{\fs24\insrsid4540921\charrsid13792672 graduated from Hotsprings High School, Arkansas in 1970, and then joined the US Navy for 12 years. After discharge from the Navy in 1984, he began working for the US Military C ommissary in Germany. He has now retired from Government service and works part-time at Wal-Mart, USA. He has}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 ,}{\fs24\insrsid4540921\charrsid13792672 in

writing}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 ,}{ \fs24\insrsid4540921\charrsid13792672 consented to his wife, the Petitioner, adopting the three infants. \par \par Evidence has been furnished to court that the Petition}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 er and her husband, jointly and}{\fs24\insrsid4540921\charrsid13792672 or severally, earn enough }{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 monthly }{ \fs24\insrsid4540921\charrsid13792672 income, out of which}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 ,}{\fs24\insrsid4540921\charrsid13792672 support can be given to the three infants. \par \par }{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 Grace Adoptions, a}{\fs24\insrsid4540921\charrsid13792672 state licensed child placement agency in Arkansas, USA, after }{\fs24\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 a thorough investigation, have }{ \fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 in }{\fs24\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 a written report to this court, }{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 approv}{\fs24\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 ed and recommended}{ \fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 ,}{\fs24\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 the Petitioner and her husband, as having both met the requirements necessary for adoption of the three infants. Th}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 e adoption order, if made, would be}{\fs24\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 the accepted in

Arkansas, USA. \par \par }{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 The Petitioner is a parternal a}{\fs24\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 unt to the three infants, being a sister to their natural farther, one Jackson Wasswa Tamale, late of Masaka, Uganda, now deceased. \par \par The said father of the infants died on 9}{\fs24\super\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 th}{\fs24\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 January 2001, in Masaka \endash Uganda after a}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 }{ \fs24\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 long illness. All along since 1993 w}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 hen the said infants\rquote father}{\fs24\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 become sick, the three infants have been under the care, support and fostering of the Petitioner who has been doing so directly and al}{\fs24\insrsid2042645\charrsid13792672 so through her mother, grand mother to the infants, Ruth Namyalo Nalongo, with whom the infants have been staying in Nyendo, Masaka, Uganda. \par \par The Masaka District Probation and Social Welfare officer confirms in his report to court the Petitioner }{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 is }{\fs24\insrsid2042645\charrsid13792672 supporting and fostering the infants and recommends the Petitioner to adopt the infants. \par \par On 20}{\fs24\super\insrsid2042645\charrsid13792672 th}{\fs24\insrsid2042645\charrsid13792672 May

2003, the Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court, Masaka, appointed the Petitioner to have permanent custody of the three infants. The Masaka Chief Magistrate}{ \fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 \rquote s Court order to that effect has been}{\fs24\insrsid2042645\charrsid13792672 furnished to this court. \par \par The three infants, the subject of this petition, are citizens of Uganda. \par The first infant, PAUL JAMES NOAH KAWUKI, a male, is aged 12 years and 7 months. Her mother, Robinah Najje}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 e}{\fs24\insrsid2042645\charrsid13792672 ro is also dead. \par \par The second infant, JACKSON JONAH JJUMBA is also male. He is aged 11 years. His mother Edith Ssanyu Namubiru Sempa is also dead. \par \par The third infant, Ritah Caroline Nakanjako is female. Her age is 10 years and 5 months. Her mother Caroline Nabukeera Mulindwa is dead too.}{\fs24\insrsid11950528\charrsid13792672 Each of the infants is currently schooling in primary in Masaka \endash Uganda. None of the infants owns any real property in Uganda, or any where else. \par \par In court each of the three infants appeared healthy and intelligent and knew the Petitioner very well as the aunt who}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 has been providing for them all }{\fs24\insrsid11950528\charrsid13792672 along. The three appeared to love her very much; each one regarding her as his/her

parent. \par \par Each infant appeared to appreciate that an adoption order means that the Petitioner is to be his/her parent. Each of the infants appeared to }{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 ap}{\fs24\insrsid11950528\charrsid13792672 prove this. \par \par Counsel for the Petitioner submitted that the Petitioner }{\fs24\insrsid4666876\charrsid13792672 had}{\fs24\insrsid16647990\charrsid13792672 satisfied court that she }{\fs24\insrsid11950528\charrsid13792672 was a }{\fs24\insrsid3112574\charrsid13792672 fit and proper person to be appointed to adopt the }{\fs24\insrsid15012927\charrsid13792672 infants and that she had complied with all the }{\fs24\insrsid3112574\charrsid13792672 requirements of the law. Not to appoint her }{ \fs24\insrsid15012927\charrsid13792672 would}{\fs24\insrsid3112574\charrsid13792672 cause jeopardy to the infants. \par \par Having considered the submissions of Counsel for the Petitioner as well as the pleadings in support of }{\fs24\insrsid15012927\charrsid13792672 the }{\fs24\insrsid3112574\charrsid13792672 petition}{\fs24\insrsid15012927\charrsid13792672 ;}{ \fs24\insrsid3112574\charrsid13792672 and having seen and observed the Petitioner and the infants in court, this court is satisfied that all the statutory requirements set by the Ch}{\fs24\insrsid15012927\charrsid13792672 ildren\rquote s Act have been

met}{\fs24\insrsid3112574\charrsid13792672 by the Petitioner. \par \par }{\fs24\insrsid3766537\charrsid13792672 In an adoption petition, like in all other cases, where the court makes decisions affecting children, the ensuring of the welfare; and the observance of the rights of the children to be affected by the decision to be made, are the paramou nt considerations the court has to consider, over any others. See section 3 of the Children\rquote s Act an}{\fs24\insrsid15012927\charrsid13792672 d SCCA No. 22/1994: In }{\fs24\insrsid3766537\charrsid13792672 Re}{ \fs24\insrsid15012927\charrsid13792672 M}{\fs24\insrsid3766537\charrsid13792672 (an infant) (unreported). \par \par The court, taking into consideration the above principle of law, is satisfied that the petitioner is a fit and proper person to be appointed to adopt the three infants, given the fact that}{\fs24\insrsid11277586\charrsid13792672 she}{ \fs24\insrsid3766537\charrsid13792672 has been supporting the said infants for a very long period, }{\fs24\insrsid11277586\charrsid13792672 is closely related to them, and has on her own, or together with her}{\fs24\insrsid3766537\charrsid13792672 consenting husband, sufficient means economic and otherwise, to provide for the infants as her own children. \par \par The court is }{\fs24\insrsid11277586\charrsid13792672 further }{\fs24\insrsid3766537\charrsid13792672 satisfied, on

the evidence availed, that the Petitioner, granted the adoption order, }{\fs24\insrsid72020\charrsid13792672 will ensure the welfare and protection of rights of the each }{\fs24\insrsid11277586\charrsid13792672 of the }{\fs24\insrsid72020\charrsid13792672 in fants. Not to issue the said order in her favour will most likely result in placing the said infants into serious jeopard}{\fs24\insrsid7495943\charrsid13792672 y as to their welfare; which the}{\fs24\insrsid72020\charrsid13792672 court must not do. See High Court, Kampala, Adoption cause Number 31 of 2004. In the matter of }{\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 PAULA Robertson}{\fs24\insrsid72020\charrsid13792672 and Cynthia June Robertson \endash an infant (unreported).

\par \par }{\fs24\insrsid7495943\charrsid13792672 Accordingly}{\fs24\insrsid72020\charrsid13792672 , the petitioner Elvanson Rovincer Nantongo- Gentry, is granted an adoption order for the adoption of the infants: PAUL JAMES NOAH KAWUKI, JACKSON JONAH JJUMBA and RITAH CAROLINE NAKANJAKO. \par \par The Adoption order shall be registered with the office of Registrar General, Ministry of Jus}{\fs24\insrsid7495943\charrsid13792672 tice and Constitutional Affairs, and with the Consular Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of the Republic of Uganda.}{\fs24\insrsid72020\charrsid13792672 \par It is so ordered. \par }{\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 \par \par Remmy Kasule \par }{\b\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 Ag. Judge \par }{\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 14}{\fs24\super\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 th}{\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 May 2005. \par \par \par Full ruling delivered in court on the 17}{\fs24\super\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 th}{\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 day of January 2005 at 2.30 p.m. \par \par \par Remmy Kasule \par }{\b\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 Ag. Judge. \par }{\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 17}{\fs24\super\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 th}{\fs24\insrsid9840871\charrsid13792672 January 2005 at 2.30 p.m. \par }{\fs24\insrsid72020\charrsid13792672 }{\fs24\insrsid3112574\charrsid13792672 }{\fs24\insrsid11950528\charrsid13792672 }{\fs24\insrsid2042645\charrsid13792672 }{\fs24\insrsid10491093\charrsid13792672 }{\fs24\insrsid4540921\charrsid13792672 }{\fs24\insrsid8878052\charrsid13792672 \par }}

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Authorities

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SCCA No. 22/1994: In Re M (an infant) (unreported)

Case cited

High Court, Kampala, Adoption Cause No. 31 of 2004: In the matter of PAULA Robertson and Cynthia June Robertson – an infant (unreported)

Case cited

Children.s Act, Cap 59

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