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Uganda Judgment

High Court of Uganda

In Re: Adelynn Naomi Luckey & Anor & In Re: Mark Weldon Luckey & Anor (HCT-00-FD-MA-0088-2008) (HCT-00-FD-MA-0088-2008) [2009] UGHC 24 (24 March 2009)

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01

Holding and result

The court found that the applicants failed to provide any substantiated evidence that the reporting requirement in the adoption order was the reason the United States government refused to process the children's citizenship applications. The only evidence before the court was a bare assertion in the affidavit of Mark Weldon Luckey, with no supporting documentation or communication from US authorities. The court noted that one of the statutory conditions for granting an adoption order is that the applicant's country of origin must recognise the order, and presumed this was satisfied at the time of the original adoption. The reporting requirement, though not expressly provided for in the Children Act, was imposed by the original judge and was to be reviewed after five years, of which only four had elapsed. The court held that there was no sufficient cause or proof to justify reviewing or setting aside the reporting requirement at this stage.

Court disposition

application dismissed

Orders

  • The application for review of the adoption order is denied.
  • The reporting and review requirements in the original adoption order remain in force.

02

Material facts

Parties

Mark Weldon Luckey

Applicant Counsel: Dorothy Kisaka

Stacy Luckey

Applicant Counsel: Dorothy Kisaka

Adelynn Naomi Luckey

Respondent

Janae Martha-Ann Luckey

Respondent

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Miscellaneous Application / Ruling on Application for Review of Adoption Order

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The applicants argued that the requirement in the adoption order to submit annual progressive reports to Ugandan authorities and the five-year review clause has made it impossible to finalize the citizenship requirements for the adopted children in the United States. They claimed the US government is not satisfied that the children have been truly adopted due to this clause, thereby depriving the children of benefits as US citizens.
Respondent
No formal respondent appeared or filed arguments. The court considered the matter on the basis of the applicants' submissions and the applicable law.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Sections 82 and 98 of the Civil Procedure Act; Order 46 and Order 52, Rules 1 and 3 of the Civil Procedure Rules

    A court may review its own order for sufficient cause, but the applicant must provide substantiated justification for such review.

  2. 02

    Section 46(1)(e) of the Children Act

    For an adoption order to be granted, the applicant must satisfy the court that their country of origin will respect and recognise the adoption order.

  3. 03

    Article 34 of the Constitution of Uganda; Sections 3, 4 and 5 of the Children Act

    The best interests of the child are paramount in all matters concerning children.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the applicants failed to provide any substantiated evidence that the reporting requirement in the adoption order was the reason the United States government refused to process the children's citizenship applications. The only evidence before the court was a bare assertion in the affidavit of Mark Weldon Luckey, with no supporting documentation or communication from US authorities. The court noted that one of the statutory conditions for granting an adoption order is that the applicant's country of origin must recognise the order, and presumed this was satisfied at the time of the original adoption. The reporting requirement, though not expressly provided for in the Children Act, was imposed by the original judge and was to be reviewed after five years, of which only four had elapsed. The court held that there was no sufficient cause or proof to justify reviewing or setting aside the reporting requirement at this stage.

Obiter and limits

  • The additional reporting condition imposed by the original judge is not directly spelt out in the Children Act, but the judge may have had reasons not apparent from the record.
  • It could be possible to review the decision for sufficient cause, as anticipated by the original order, but justification must be substantiated.
  • Neither the applicants nor the infants were present in court, so oral evidence could not be provided to fill evidentiary gaps.

Court disposition

application dismissed

  • The application for review of the adoption order is denied.
  • The reporting and review requirements in the original adoption order remain in force.

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High Court of Uganda

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Judgment text

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Source document

High Court of Uganda

Judgment

[2009] UGHC 24

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\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 BEFORE \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8522868\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE FMS EGONDA-NTENDE \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 RULING \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13787663\charrsid13588627 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5922739\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13588627 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5922739\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The applicants, Mark Weldon Luckey and Stacey Luckey, are the adoptive parents of 2 infants, Adelynn Naomi Luckey and Janae Martha-Ann Luckey by virtue of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12677520\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 an }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5922739\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 adoption ord\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 er issued by my brother Kasule, J., on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4217913\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 27}{ \f0\fs24\super\insrsid4217913\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4217913\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 day of May 2005.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3554001\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Included in that order

was a directive that the adoptive parents }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1211774\charrsid13588627 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li1440\ri1109\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1109\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13588627 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3554001\charrsid13588627 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 shall submit progressive reports about each of the minors every year }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12393667\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to the Probation and Social Welfare Office, Kampala Uganda \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and to the Registrar of the Family Division, High Court of Uganda Kampala for the first five years}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5004166\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 after which the court shall review the position.\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8522868\charrsid13588627 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1211774\charrsid13588627 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5004166\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13588627 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5004166\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It is that the order that is the subject of

this application for review.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8072626\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 This application, made under Arti\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 cle 34 of the Constitution of Uganda, Sections 82 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4812922\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 98 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8072626\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Civil Procedure Act}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid13848462\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , Sections 3, 4 and 5 of the Children Act}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4812922\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , Order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13848462\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 46 and Order 52, Rules}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13332611\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1 and 3 of the Civil Procedure Rules, is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11867072\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 stated to be }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid13332611\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 supported by the affidavit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11867072\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13332611\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of Mark Weldon Luck\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ey and Stacy Luckey though on the file I saw only the affidavit of Mark Weldon Luckey.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5004166\charrsid13588627 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10369962\charrsid13588627

\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10369962\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The main ground}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid11867072\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 upon}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10369962\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 which }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11867072\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 this application}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12677520\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is made}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2318329\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11867072\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid10369962\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 stated to be that, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1211774\charrsid13588627 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li1440\ri1109\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1109\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13588627 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10369962\charrsid13588627 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 The requirement in the Adoption Order of submitting a progressive report regarding the minor\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s every year to the probation and social welfare officer in Uganda and the Registrar Family Division of the High Court of Uganda has deprived the children of the benefits that would }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5845873\charrsid13588627

\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 otherwise accrue to the children as citizens of the United States of Ameri\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ca.\hich\f0 \rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11867072\charrsid13588627 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12204180\charrsid13588627 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5845873\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13588627 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5845873\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The affidavit of Mark Weldon Luckey has 2 paragraphs relevant to this ground. I shall set them out in full. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6580692\charrsid13588627 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li1440\ri1106\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1106\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13588627 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5845873\charrsid13588627 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 4. That the adoption order granted by the High Court requires us to make annual reports to the High Court with a further requirement that th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e order will be reviewed after 5 years. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6580692\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0

}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5845873\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5. That this clause has made it impossible for us to finalize the citizen requirements for the children to register as United States citizens}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13841944\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 because the government is not }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3232832\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 satisfied}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13841944\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 children have been truly adopted.\hich\f0 \rquote }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5845873\charrsid13588627 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12204180\charrsid13588627 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13841944\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13588627 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13841944\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 As I noted above that is the only affidavit on the file though mention is made of the existence of another sworn}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2318329\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 affidavit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13841944\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by Stacy Luckey. As it is

}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2318329\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 paragraph 5 of the affidavit of Mark Luckey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13841944\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is the only evidence in sup\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 port of this application.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3232832\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Other than the assertion that the US government is not satisfied that the children have been adopted, there is no }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15607634\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 proof}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3232832\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to support this stated position of the US government.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14364153\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 There is no letter}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15607634\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 or other communication}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14364153\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 from the respo\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nsible US government department to that effect.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16726975\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13841944\charrsid13588627 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16726975\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 6.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16726975\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In fact one of the conditions }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid93952\charrsid13588627

\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12811641\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the grant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16726975\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of an adoption order vide Section 46}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12811641\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16726975\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (1) (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12811641\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e) of the Children Act is that the applicant must satisfy the court that his country of origin will respect and recognise\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the adoption order.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid93952\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10315568\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I presume that the applicants must have done so on their original application.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16726975\charrsid13588627 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3630081\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 7.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3630081\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I am aware}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9857812\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3630081\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of course}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13331654\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , as was pointed out by Ms Dorothy }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid4812922\charrsid13588627

\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Kisaka;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13331654\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 learned counsel for the applicants,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3630081\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that this additional condition imposed by my brother, Ka\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 sule, J., is not}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9699924\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 directly}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3630081\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 spelt out in the Children Act}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9857812\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3630081\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I suppose the judge }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13331654\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for reasons that I am not able to read }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9857812\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 from the record imposed it as a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13331654\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 condition to be fulfilled by the applicants which would be reviewed after 5 years.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4095691\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The 5 years are not yet o\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ver. There is one year more to run.}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid93952\charrsid13588627 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095691\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4095691\charrsid13588627

\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It could be possible to review this decision}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid4419840\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4095691\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as indeed the judge anticipated}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4419840\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that there will be a review,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516076\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for sufficient cause. The justification put forth by the applicants has unfortunately not been substantiated. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid74734\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 No \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 proof has been offered to this court that bears out the claim that the United States government has refused to process the citizenship application for the children because of the }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid4419840\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 condition for reports to be filed by the parents for 5 years. All that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4087337\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is bef\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ore me}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid4419840\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4087337\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4419840\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 bare assertion}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6580692\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that the US government is not

satisfied that the children have been truly adopted.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4087337\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 There is no scintilla of evidence demonstrating that dissatisfaction.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4095691\charrsid13588627 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477608\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8477608\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Unfortunately neither the applicants nor the infants were in court when this\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 application was heard. It was thus not possible for the void to be filled by oral evidence at the hearing of the application. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087337\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 10.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4087337\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In the result I am satisfied that the applicants have failed to make out case for review }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2036854\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of the adoption order. I decline to gran\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t the orders sought.}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid4087337\charrsid13588627 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13588627 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033

{\f0\fs24\insrsid2036854\charrsid13588627 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Signed, dated and delivered at Kampala this 25}{\f0\fs24\super\insrsid2036854\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2036854\charrsid13588627 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 day of March 2009 \par \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12204180\charrsid13588627 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2036854\charrsid13588627 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 FMS Egonda-Ntende \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Judge \par }}

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Article 34 of the Constitution of Uganda

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Sections 82 and 98 of the Civil Procedure Act

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Sections 3, 4, 5, and 46(1)(e) of the Children Act

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Order 46 and Order 52, Rules 1 and 3 of the Civil Procedure Rules

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